System Integration of a Tri-Generation Setup Powered by Energy Saving
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Abstract
The global transition toward sustainable energy systems has elevated biogas as a renewable alternative capable of
addressing both energy poverty and environmental degradation. This study examines decentralized biogas production
systems utilizing organic waste streams - including agricultural residues (35% yield potential), food waste (28% volatile
solids), and municipal sewage - to achieve dual objectives of energy generation and waste valorization. Our environmental
analysis reveals these systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 62% compared to conventional fossil fuels through
methane capture and organic matter diversion from landfills. Energy savings are achieved via three mechanisms: (1) direct
combustion of biogas yielding 22-28 MJ/m³ thermal energy, (2) electricity generation at 2.1 kWh/m³ conversion
efficiency, and (3) waste heat recovery from cogeneration systems (75% total efficiency). The carbon footprint assessment
demonstrates 0.45 kg CO₂eq/kWh compared to 0.98 kg CO₂eq/kWh for grid electricity in the studied region. A 36-month
case study of Abu Saleem Municipality analyzed 120,000 metric tons of processed waste, showing 43% (51,600 tons)
was suitable for anaerobic digestion, producing 7.2 million m³ biogas annually - equivalent to replacing 1,850 tons of
diesel fuel. The remaining 57% non-digestible material was successfully repurposed in construction applications (32%)
and recycling programs (25%), achieving 89% total waste diversion from landfills. These systems demonstrate
compelling sustainability metrics: 1:3.8 energy return on investment (EROI), 40% reduction in local particulate
emissions, and 22% decrease in agricultural runoff pollution when digestate replaces chemical fertilizers. The model
presents a scalable template for communities seeking energy independence while addressing waste management
challenges and climate commitments through circular economic principles.
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